Summary

• Genital microscopy, culture and sensitivity (MCS) are a series of tests used to investigate possible genital infections.
• Swabs of the areas where you have symptoms will be collected. You can often do this yourself but sometimes they need to be taken by a health professional.
• The microscopy and culture test identifies the possible cause of the infection, and the sensitivity test guides which treatment will be best.

Testing for genital infections

A genital MCS test is a series of laboratory tests used to diagnose possible infections in the genital area. Microscopy and culture help identify bacteria, fungi, or other microorganisms that are causing your symptoms. Sensitivity testing is used to decide on the most effective treatment.

Genital MCS tests are commonly used to identify infections such as:

• Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as gonorrhoea, chlamydia and trichomoniasis.
• Bacterial vaginosis (infection of the vagina).
• Fungal infections such as candidiasis (yeast infection).

Why get tested?

If you have symptoms that suggest you could have a genital infection you may be asked to have a genital MCS test. Symptoms of a potential infection include:

• Unusual vaginal or penile discharge.
• Itching or irritation in the genital area.
• Pain during urination or intercourse.
• Unexplained pelvic pain.

There are other clinical reasons why you might be tested for genital infections even when you have no symptoms. These include:

• If you are at an increased risk of a sexually transmitted infection (STI).
• If you are experiencing frequent or recurrent infections.
• If you are being treated for an infection.
• As a precaution during pregnancy to prevent complications.  
• Before undergoing surgery in the genital area.

Testing

The test is made up of three separate processes:

1. Microscopy - Material from your swab is placed on a glass slide and investigated under a microscope to look for possible causes of infection such as bacteria, yeast (fungi) or other microorganisms. A gram stain, which is a type of chemical stain, is often performed to help further identify the microorganism.
2. Culture - Some of your sample is grown in a special substance called a culture medium that helps the bacteria or yeasts to grow. This will show which bacteria or yeast is causing symptoms.  
3. Sensitivity - When the microorganism has been identified it is tested against various medications to see which treatment will be most effective.

Having the test

Sample

Samples may be taken from a range of areas including the vagina, urethra and penis, depending on your symptoms. 

Some samples can be collected yourself but for some, a healthcare professional will need to collect it. Always check with your medical team to ensure you follow the correct procedure.

Any preparation?
You may be advised to avoid certain things such as douching or using vaginal medications before the test to ensure accurate results. 

Your results

Reading your test report

Your results will generally be presented along with those of your other tests on the same form.  You will see separate columns or lines for each of these tests.

A gram stain can provide further support for the diagnosis of candidiasis or gonorrhea.

A positive culture indicates the presence of specific microorganisms that can cause infection. The report will indicate:

• The type of bacteria such as Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, Trichomonas.
• Whether fungi are present such as Candida for yeast infections.
• Any other pathogens such as viruses.

A negative culture indicates no pathogenic organisms were detected and suggest there is no active infection.

Questions to ask your doctor

The choice of tests your doctor makes will be based on your medical history and symptoms. It is important that you tell them everything you think might help. 

You play a central role in making sure your test results are accurate. Do everything you can to make sure the information you provide is correct and follow instructions closely. 

Talk to your doctor about any medications you are taking. Find out if you need to fast or stop any particular foods or supplements. These may affect your results. Ask:

• Why does this test need to be done?
• Do I need to prepare (such as fast or avoid medications) for the sample collection?
• Will an abnormal result mean I need further tests?
• How could it change the course of my care?
• What will happen next, after the test?

More information

Pathology and diagnostic imaging reports can be added to your My Health Record.

You and your healthcare provider can now access your results whenever and wherever needed. Get further trustworthy health information and advice from healthdirect.